As a respite from the usual pros and cons on the subject of single-stream schooling or Satu Sekolah Untuk Semua (SSS), this time let us discuss the New Economic Model (NEM) which was announced, apparentky “for public airing” before finalisation in June, on 30.3.10. The NEM and SSS both have the same objective of bringing about long-term unity in the country.
Eminent blogger Jebat Must Die said a copy of the 200-page book on the NEM landed on his lap (that’s what eminence does to a blogger) and he has put out a brief analysis on it in his blog. We reproduce it below. It includes a comment concerning SSS.
Do comment as much as you can, dear readers. The NEM is going to be the life of the country for a long time to come. It’d better be good for the country as a whole and long-term unity must be clearly reflected as an achievable objective in that policy. All of you have a chance to say anything you think worth while in here so that the authorities may know how we citizens feel and take them into account when finalising the NEM in June 2010.
We also publish extracts of opinions given by researches on matters related to the idea of an Equal Opportunities Commission and open competition proposed in the (draft) NEM, which are anathema to Article 153 of the Constitution regarding the Special Position of the Malays. That Special Position was agreed to by the non-Malays in exchange, or as a quid pro quo, for their cititizenship right.
We will update this post and/or add other views as and when we come
across interesting ones elsewhere.
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Brief analysis on the New Economic Model
March 30, 2010 by jebatmustdie
The book on the New Economic Model (“NEM”) landed on my lap this morning. It is about 200 pages thick.
It is impossible to review it comprehensively over all the technical aspects of it.
Overall, I think it is one of the most ambitious project government is willing to take.
The word ‘ambitious’ I stated above is supported by one of the best line within the document which is;
“To break the logjam of vested interests through political will and leadership”
The statement above is the single most important thing to make the NEM a success.
The New Economic Model: Enablers and Strategic Reform Initiatives
Let’s start with the risk areas of the NEM document.
Firstly, has the NEAC conducted enough study and research when developing this momentous document?
How did they arrive at the conclusion to say that Malaysia has reached its defining moment? Have they made the necessary surveys and tireless statistical data gathering before they can claim that the “NEM takes a holistic approach, focussing also on the human dimension of development, recognising that while we have substantially reduced poverty, a hefty 40% of Malaysian households still earn less than RM1,500 a month. Income disparity must still be actively addressed. Measures are needed to narrow the economic differences prevalent in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in the rural areas of the Peninsula.”
How holistic could the NEM be when just a few days ago, the Deputy Prime Minister revealed that the Government will start to update the data on wealth distribution by race to evaluate the people’s social-economic achievements only after Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad suggested for a more comprehensive study to be done.
Hence, is the NEM’s projections and approach is based on an INFORMED analysis?
By the DPM’s own admission, the data on wealth distribution is not updated. What is the current wealth distribution of the corporate Malays in Malaysia after the PM, Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Razak announced several liberalisation of the economy particularly in the financial services last year? Has the incorporation of Ekuinas helped to improve the wealth distribution among the Malays?
Or has it gone down for the past one year from the previous 18%?
I believe not getting a complete outlook on the current situation and taking stock on the actual realities of the current social-economy will further increase the chances of the failure rate of the NEM. In other words, we are at risk of being conned by the consultants. If we work from an incomplete data, all the initiatives proposed could be misguided and render the contents of the NEM useless.
Secondly, I believe the NEM is not taking into relevance the other important socio-economic factor when developing the document. They are stressing too much on breaching the USD15,500 per capita annual income for all Malaysians. In their mind, that level must be breached in order to catapult Malaysia into the high income economies.
But nowhere in the document are they talking about the Purchasing Power Parity (“PPP”). This is a more relevant and accurate measure of a country’s wealth status. There is no point of having high income if the inflation rate is even higher.
Blogger Hidup Tuah succinctly put it as follows:
Low/medium/high income country is based on GDP Per Capita, as defined by the World Bank. It is measured in US$. For example, in 2009, Malaysia’s GDP Per Capita was US$6,818. Hence, Malaysia is categorised as in the middle income group.
If it is measured in PPP, it was US$12,826; nearer to the high income (minimum) level of US$14,818.
Since PPP is a better measurement of comparable purchasing power and, hence, comparable disposable income and, thus, a better approximation of a comparable standard of living, therefore, it is strongly urged that PPP be used instead of US$.
Thirdly, one of their strategies is to developing a quality workforce and reducing dependency on foreign labour. How are they able to achieve this? By reviewing the education system. Apart from shifting educational approach from ‘rote learning’ to ‘creative and critical thinking’, the education system itself must be conducted on a streamlined platform.
If the NEM wants to achieve an inclusive and sustainable resources for the rakyat to benefit, then I believe, the education system must be streamlined into one national school system. This will produce a more equitable product where the graduates of this system can be integrated closely with one another. Thus, everyone comes from the same education system which won’t make them feel alienated from each other. Bahasa Malaysia and English must be the core unifying factor among the young Malaysians. Only when a strong primary and secondary education system is developed, will the institutions of higher learning can prosper much easier.
The time is now. It is indeed our defining moment.
But alas, will the government have a strong political will and sturdy leadership skills to break the potential logjam of vested interests?
Fourthly, one of the ways to spur the economy with the objective of achieving the high income status is to let the private sector be the engine of growth. After the Currency Crisis of 1997-98, the government had been driving the economy as the private sector has been licking their wounds from the fast paced development they embarked in the early to mid 90’s. They had over extended their financial and business activities and failed to recover completely after the dust had settled at the turn of the century.
Now there are very timid in doing business. With the absence of veritable data, the perception of the private sector being monopolised by one community IS the prevailing perception of the current situation.
Therefore, the NEM approach of having an economic growth led by the private sector can backfire especially when one of the goals of the NEM is to have a more inclusiveness in the economic development of this country whereby “all communities will be enabled to contribute to and share in the wealth of the country.”
This will become more important when the private sector is tasked to “promote competition across and within the sectors to revive private investment and market dynamism”, assisted by the enactment of a competition law.
What does that mean in a non consultant-ish way?
Generally, there will be an open competition with a level playing field in all development stages. Tender for projects will be an open, transparent process. This is very good. Survival of the fittest. Please be careful when any competition law is enacted. At one extreme, it will make it illegal for anyone to gain an upperhand in any tendering process. How the NEAC going to construct and from which country the example of the law they are going to model it from will be an interesting thing to watch.
But will a law such as this contributes to an equitable and fair tender process? When some industries such as raw materials and logistics are being monopolised by a few groups of people, surely only the same people will get the projects. With the practice of ‘know-who’ and not ‘know-how’ is very much entrenched in our society, there is no way the distribution of the projects could be done in a way that will allow all communities to “contribute and share”.
Ultimately, the economy will turn into an aquarium effect where food from above is eaten up quickly by the big fishes at the upper levels and only the crumbs will reach the smaller fishes at the lower levels.
Enter the fifth risk area of the NEM – the setting up of an Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC). The name itself will draw flak from the proponents of Article 153 of the Constitution. Again, just like the potential streamlining of the education system, will the government have enough willpower to wade this through?
The composition of the members in the EOC will be an equally interesting thing to see. The motives (personal and professional) of the members in the EOC will inexplicably steer the ultimate aim of the EOC. It is documented in the NEM that the EOC will cover and discriminatory and unfair practices.
Will the EOC take into account the quota requirements enshrined in the Constitution, or will it look into the unfair practices of some economic elements that are plaguing the economy and stifling the other would be players?
Sixth, the government will sell its land which has one of the highest value to the private sectors. These parcels of land are near the Jalan Ampang, Jalan Lidcol and Jalan Stonor. I find it hard to imagine why would the government sell these to people outside the government. In reality, the government is decreasing its potential wealth instead of outsourcing it out (if they believe they have no capacity to develop it). They should have just let governmental agencies to develop it. When you lose something monumental like this, it will be difficult to earn it back. UDA , PNB or Felda for instance, can be tasked to develop the land without the government losing it forever.
Another initiative that the government is embarking is to list two subsidiaries of Petronas in Bursa Malaysia in order to reduce the government’s presence directly or indirectly in their business activities. Who will buy these shares ultimately? Will the people with the lowest income afford to buy these shares? Will a more equitable wealth distribution be achieved through this method? Will 18% turned into 38%? Or will it dwindle even lower? How will this benefit all Malaysian ultimately?
Another con job in the making?
These are interesting times indeed. That is why I said in the beginning, the NEM is a very ambitious project to propel and catapult Malaysia into a developed status.
Now, there are many good and viable areas of the NEM. As you can see and read from the document, not all are bordering the fantastical and unrealistic mind of a consultant.
The aim to reduce rent-seeking behaviour and market distorting features is applauded. Its needs based approach for the lower income group is laudable. The best thing about the NEM is its affirmation that the previous economic policies did work.
NEM stated that it is not aimed to replace the New Economic Policy (“NEP”) or the New Development Policy (“NDP”) because of their perceived failure; it is aimed to build on the successes of the NEP and the NDP despite the many implementation weaknesses the previous policies have. The fact of the matter is, the NEP and its subsequent policies did achieve quite a number of success during their years of implementation. Only a few people with vested interests would continue to manufacture misperception of their failure.
At a crossroad where the nation is taking stock of itself, the current economic policies must be tweaked and amended to suit the current conditions. Hence, the birth of the NEM.
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Here is an extract of a research paper entitled, “The bioeconomics of homogeneous middleman groups as adaptive units: Theory and empirical evidence viewed from a group selection framework” by Janet T. Landa, published online: 22 November 2008. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
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Based on my fieldwork on the Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia, I developed a theory of the ethnically homogeneous Chinese middleman group (EHMG) as a club-like arrangement in which Chinese traders within the group cooperated by providing themselves with club goods/local public goods such as contract enforcement, capital and information, in response to an environment lacking basic infra-structure such as legal infrastructure, banking and credit-rating institutions. By cooperating with each other, members of the EHMG were able to enforce contracts, mobilize information and capital, thereby reducing transactions costs, hence out-competing other ethnic groups to appropriate the role of middleman-entrepreneur (Landa 1978).
Of the various club goods provided by members of the EHMG, the most important is contract enforcement. I developed a theory of the emergence of the EHMG as a club-like institutional arrangement for coping with the problem of contract uncertainty (Landa 1981, reprinted in Landa 1994, Chap. 5). I argued that under conditions of contract uncertainty, Chinese merchants will not randomly enter into transactions with anonymous traders, but will have the incentive to preferentially choose traders whom they trust, hence particularizing exchange relations on the basis of kinship, locality and ethnic ties. This is because embedded in these particularistic exchange relations are shared social norms of behavior (Confucian ethics of reciprocity) which function to constrain traders from breach of contract; any trader who violates the ethics of the group will be punished, including being ostracized from the group.
The effects of many individual trader’s discriminatory choice of trading partners is the emergence of an ethnically homogeneous middleman group (EHMG), a club-like arrangement alternative to contract law for economizing on contract enforcement costs in an environment characterized by contract uncertainty. Greif (1993) developed a very similar theory for the Maghribi-Jewish merchants in medieval trade. See also Tilly’s (2005, pp. 8–9) discussion of Landa’s and Greif’s work on ‘identity networks’. The ethnic boundary of the Chinese middleman group represents the outer limits of a Chinese trader’s discriminatory choice of trading partners because of the Confucian code of ethics which prescribes rules of the game—mutual aid obligations/reciprocity—for members of the same ethnic/dialect group, while not extending mutual aid to outsiders.
Constraints on behavior thus exist among members of the Chinese EHMG because of shared rules of the game; members of the Chinese middleman group thus form a moral community. Confucian code of ethics serves as an informal institution, an extralegal institutional arrangement for the enforcement of
contracts.
Kempen SSS 
Because (1) of the ethnically-induced intrinsic character of the Chinese “… ethnically homogeneous middleman group (EHMG) …” and
(2) “…With the absence of veritable data, the perception of the private sector being monopolised by one community (that actually) IS the prevailing perception (true-on-the-ground-situation) of the current situation. … plus
(3) That, ” NEM (is to take the) approach of having an economic growth led by the private sector can backfire especially when one of the goals of the NEM is to have a more inclusiveness in the economic development of this country whereby “all communities will be enabled to contribute to and share in the wealth of the country.”….
…. how indeed is the present 18% makes it to 30%.
…. there is no such thing as this EHMG club (whom the Govt. lay its truat on) extending a helping hand to non-members …. they will say. “…Why should we? …. They are our competitors, are they not?”
…. it really takes more than strong political will to close the gap between the haves and the haves not …. tragically made worse when this growing gap is also ethnically based.
Anyway, our PM seems serious. Let’s pray he’s thourough too ….
Dal,
We appreciate your frequent visits and comments and wish to welcome you again and again. There is, of course, no limit to the umber of comments on any post in this blog and we look forward to seeing your comments again in the course of the discussion on this very important subject, the economic policy of the country for the coming many years.
There is no two-way about it. The Government must come out with the latest figures showing the comparison between the economic position of the majority Malays and the 23% Chinese in this country. We need to remember that the underlying cause of the racial riots of 1969 was the huge disparity in the economic and the educational position of the Malays compared to the Chinese. These must be addressed satisfactorily for long term harmony, peace and progress to come about.
Economic policies must incorporate plans that are designed to bridge the gap between them. The Chinese control the economy and the Malays have only 18% of corporate wealth at the last count and it is not known when it was last counted. Wealth in other aspects of the economy is also not known. The latest figures on the number of Malays compared to the Chinese in the various professional fields are not available. It is important to know, for example, how many qualified and registered Malay accountants there now are relative to the Chinese – accountants can play a big role in developing Malay businesses and increasing Malay wealth. Some one quoted the accountants regulatory agency and said the ratio is 30:70 in the Chinese favour. Still, the vast disparity, on this day and at this time. Then again there is the research done showing the “club-like” attitude of the Chinese towards business. Open competition in such an environment is just not feasible. Yet the New Economic Model is talking about an Equal Opportunities Commission. We must say we are baffled by that and wonder whether the model is largely politically motivated, designed to catch votes in the coming elections.
Anything sounding Equal Opportunities are certainly vote-catching and is music to the ears of the non-Malays. But everybody needs to remember that there is Article 153 on the Special Position of the Malays. That Article being there does not negate Article 8 and 136 on equality in other aspects of Malaysian life. That Article recognises and uses the very words they were meant for – a Special Position of the Malays who have been left behind economically and educationally in their own country. Not because of choice but because of the British colonial policy, wanting maximum productivity to serve their mother country England. Professor Zainal Abidin Wahid of UKM told a history congress in 1978 that historical records show that the British wanted the Malays to continue being farmers and fishermen forever, hence they built only Malay schools and far in between the kampongs where most Malays lived, and gave the Malays only four years of primary education. Imagine, just four years of education. And ignorance bred ignorance. The Malays have begun to get out of that beginning with the NEP in 1970 and that must not be thwarted or hampered.
That Article 153 was not placed in the Constitution just because of being the quid pro quo for the non-Malays getting citizenship right. That Article took into account the vast economic and educational disparities – created by the British colonial policies – that the Malays must have felt and insisted upon when negotiating for independence. Policies of independent Malaysia since after the racial riots of 1969 have tried to address them – what has been called the New Economic Policy. Characteristics of the NEP must not be abandoned to give way to vote-catching agency creation that may lead to the status quo ante where the Malays had only 2% wealth and only a tiny fraction of the total number of professionals in the country. That would spell disaster. The idea of an Equal Opportunities Commission appears to be heading for that and it should therefore be shot down.
Obviously the Malays were discriminated against by the British for hundreds of years and the foreigners, who were/are made citizens on the independence of the nation, gained much from it.
The Malays were discriminated against for so long (400 years?) in education and economy. Obviously they were hurt and have yet to make good against the effects of such policy. What should the Malays guard against or be allowed a measure of “encouragement” vis-a-vis NEM regarding the discrimination or the still-not-level-playing field?
Sumo Piar,
A warm welcome to you to this site and thank you for your comment. Do visit us again and give us your thoughts in these important discussions.
At the minimum, the Malays must be allowed the same benefits of the New Economic Policy pertaining to wealth accumulation and educational advancement in the various specialised fields of study and professions. Techonolgy is one area that Malays must have in abundance in terms of knowledge and experience. Whatever the technology, but especially in business and the acquisition of wealth. Wealth acquisition and retention by the Malays is a must for the sake of long term peace and prosperity in the country. The racial riots of 1969 must be avoided; the underlying cause was the vast disparity in the economic and educational well being of the Malays compared to the Chinese. Every encouragement must be provided in the New Economic Policy in these respects, and the Malays must guard against the idea of an Equal Opportunities Commission, which presumes that there is a level playing field. How can there be a level playing field when the Malays have only 18% corporate wealth – not counting other forms of wealth – and, as stated in one of the comments here, the ratio of qualified and registered accounts, for example, is 30:70 in favour of the Chinese?
The New Economic Model should devise a system or introduce a mechanism of more accurate evaluation on the capabilities and seriousness of Malay businesses in the various fields and tailor benefits to them to ensure growth and retention of business experience and wealth acquisition. The system of tenders reserved for “Bumiputeras only” must be continued and enlarged. The Bumiputeras in Sabah and Sarawak must be encouraged to participate for they also have a stake in the wealth of this country.
The awards of contracts or projects must be given to the Ministry of Works to handle – that Ministry has a long history and well established procedures for the prequalification of bidders, preparation and issuance of tender documents, evaluation of tender bids, preparation and award of equitable contracts, etc. They have the necessary qualified and experienced professionals in the various technical fields for the relevant inputs – architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, etc. Should these be done by the the Jabatan Kerja Raya of the Ministry of Works, the Economic Planning Unit would be doing only the conception and planning of big projects which, after finalising, should be handed to the KJR. This would reduce the influence of, or even alleged meddling by, “the Fourth Floor boys” on the work of the EPU of the Prime Ministers Department. Or the incidence of the Political Secretary of a senior Minister alleged to be taking cuts on the awards of major projects – Bernama was of course polite in not disclosing the Minister who was reported to be interviewed by the MACC yesterday for his sttatement on the matter.
Agreed, rent seeking methods must be curtailed. But there must be serious attempts to ensure that, among the Malays, only those who deserve be given the benefits. The past methods of favouritism, cronyism and “family-ism” must cease. The system of political patronage must be stopped and corruption reduced to the minimum. There must be political will in these respects and the NEM must not be aimed at vote getting.
Tun Dr Mahathir was reported to have asked for updated data that might have been used as the basis when formulating the NEM. Tan Sri Muhyiddin said the updated data would be furnished. Dato Ibrahim Ali of Perkasa and the 76 Malay NGOs revealed that when his delagation met Tan Sri Amirsham, the person responsiblle for the formulation of NEM, such data was not available. If that is true, and if the data used during NEM formulation was not up-to-date, it shakes the very ground NEM is resting upon.
If the data used was not up-to-date, they must immediately be updated and must be made available to the public right away. How else can the public comment meaningfully on the draft NEM? Surely the authorities do not plan to hoodwink the public by just giving a 200-page book and have another thicker one now ready for release in June with only minor touch-ups? Surely NEAC and those drafting the NEM have been using some data when making the policy proposals. It is very strange indeed if such data were not up-to-date at that time. The policy proposals would not be reliable if not based on up-to-date data.
They propose the establishment of an Equal Opportunities Commission. It implies open competition. They don’t even give us the data showing the latest position of the Malays compared to the Chinese in various aspects of the economy. Even just on corporate wealth, how would the Malays be able to compete on an uneven playing field. It is uneven in many respects – vast disparities economically and educationally between the majority Malays and the 23% Chinese – a legacy of British colonial rule. In addition to those, there is the “ethnically homogeneous Chinese middleman group (EHMG) club-like arrangement” that pervades Chinese attitude towards business, as pointed out by the researcher in article No. 2. It is entitrely unfair to expect open competition under the circumstances. The Equal Opportunities Commission must be shot down.
Aku,
Thank you for visiting and commenting again.
We agree with you and have stated, in our comment to Dal above, that the Equal Opportunities Commission should be shot down. There cannot be equal opportunities when one group controls the economy and another has been tottering and gasping for breath even to gain a mere 18% of corporate wealth, let alone wealth in other sectors of the economy. Equal opportunities in such an instance means those who control the economy will keep on doing so, gain more wealth and the others reduce their wealth – the total being always 100%, the gains of one group is the loss of the the other. However, if the gains are from those who control the economy, that would lead to a more equitable, or at least a more acceptable situation – because the Malays are the majority in this country and the 23% of the population has been in control of the economy.
Economic planners must not succumb to the line propagated by distractors of the New Economic Policy that the Malays have had a lot of time trying to catch up and that, in heading for a developed status, we disregard the interest of the slow movers. As has been repeatedly pointed out, the one generation time frame conceived in the NEP was estimated by the Malays themselves – they who at that time in 1970 had hardly tried business in big numbers. Even the huge numbers of Chinese who have been in business for ages would not have been able to estimate it accurately because it was never done before, and the Malay culture was one of barter trading for thousands of years whereas the Chinese, who the Malays are supposed to compete with, has had a culture of profit-taking or doing business since time immemorial. Remember that the Chinese in mainland China were among the earliest in the use, if not the inventors, of weights and measures, so necessary in the conduct of business and in the business of wealth accumulation.
Yes, the research on the “ethnically homogeneous Chinese middleman group (EHMG) club-like arrangement” is a confirmation in writing of what we have known all along – that the Chinese exclusiveness in the conduct of business, the various associations and business guilds existing in Malaysia since the time of the secret societies, thugs and gangsters controlling the tin mining industry in the then Federated Malay states. Of course, the later institutions of clan associations and business guilds are not secret societies, thugs and gangsters. They do however operate along the lines of exclusivity. Yet the New Economic Model talks about “inclusivity” and we wish to see in clear terms how this idea would translate into the sharing with the Malays, the Indians and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak of material sources, processing methods and technologies, market sectors and the whole rigmarole of business life in the country.
Mengapa nak berdentam berdentum dengan bersaing rambang, bertanding lapang, Suruhanjaya Peluang Samarata dan sebagainya? Masakan masalah besarnya ialah rasuah?
Pemimpin mesti akui rasuah masih berleluasa. DEB pincang bukan kerana konsepnya tapi kerana implementasinya. Yang serius berniaga, membesar dari berniaga kecil-kecilan dan berpengalaman sepatutnya diberi kemudahan dan peluang lebih. Kontrek dan sebagainya. Bukan diturunkan payong terjun, beri kontrak atau projek besar-besaran kapada mereka yang belom terbukti minat berniaganya, yang akhirnya hanya mengambil komisen, kerjanya dilakukan siBaba. Pemimpin mesti ada political will membasmi rasuah besar-besaran supaya pengagihan menafaat DEB atau sekarang MEB akan lebih meluas dan lebih berkesan.
Bukan Melayu pun rela dengan ciri-ciri DEB, hanya kritik implementasinya. Betulkan cara implementasi itu dan tak payah gejala bahru suruhanjaya itu suruhanjaya ini.
Perwira,
Terima kasih kerana mengunjung kami dan meninggalkan komen.
Benar, masalah besar dinegara ini adalah rasuah. Pemimpin sudah mengambil tindakan – pemindaan Perlembagaan UMNO bagi mengelakkan politik wang, MACC mengambil tindakan rasuah diatas 15 orang politik, termasuk 3 dari parti pembangkang (kenyataan diParlimen), beberapa hari yang lalu seorang Setiausaha Politik disiasat, semalam Menterinya dijumpai MACC untuk mendapatkan kenyataan berkaitan dengannya. Tetapi memang jauh belom cukup. Rasuah diketahui melanda-landa dan ikan-ikan besarnya belom ditangkap. Tetapi nampaknya organisasi dan kemudahan-kemudahan untuk MACC sudah mencukupi, strategi bertindak dan sebagainya tidak perlu dimasukkan kedalam MEB, hanya keazaman politik atau “political will” sahaja diperlukan dari pemimpin negara.
Jika politik wang dibendong dan sistem “political patronage” diketepikan, sudah tentu rasuah akan banyak berkurangan. Sejak berpuluh tahun yang lalu sudah bermula gejala orang politik berlumba-lumba mendapatkan wang yang demikian banyak supaya boleh mendapat undi dan jawatan dipilihanraya parti. Sudah menjadi rahsia terbuka bahawa ahli-ahli perwakilan UMNO diberi ganjaran wang dan sebagainya untuk mendapat undi mereka. Bekas Setiausaha Agong UMNO sendiri mengaku bahawa UMNO adalah busuk hingga keteras (“rotten to the core”).
Bila sampai kepringkat persaingan antara parti pemerintah-pembangkang pula, gejala “katak lompat” dikatakan juga berdasarkan habuan wang dan sebagainya. Bekas pembantu DS Anwar Ibrahim menohmahnya mengumpul sehingga RM2-3 billion (ribuan juta Ringgit) masa dia menjawat Menteri Kewangan. Dia berani mendakwa boleh mendapat 30 Ahli Parlimen melompat keparti pakatannya dibulan September tahun lalu. Banyak yang memikirkan habuannya adalah jutawan Ringgit bagi tia-tiap seorang. Maka dari situ nampaklah betapa banyak jumlah wang yang perlu dikumpulkan mereka yang mahukan kuasa melalui katak lompat, atau memegang kuasa selama lama yang boleh melalui ganjaran kapada Ketua-Ketua Bahagian parti dan sapertinya. Dengan itu berlumba-lumbalah mereka mengumpul wang. Bukan lagi dalam lingkungan ratusan juta. Malahan ribuan juta atau berbillion Ringgit. Politik wang mesti dibasmikan sama sekali. Rasuah biasa mesti dibendong seboleh bolehnya.
MEB yang bercadang menaikkan pendapatan 40% rakyat Malaysia tanpa mengira bangsa perlu dipuji. Tetapi cadangan mengadakan Suruhanjaya Kesamarataan Peluang itu menjadi tanda so’al besar. Perlu dikaji mendalam implikasinya terhadap mengseimbangkan kedudukan ekonomi Melayu dibanding dengan Cina pada keseluruhannya. Seimbangan itu amat penting bagi keharmonian dan keamanan jangka masa panjang.
There must be other ways to make economic policy not to touch NEP benefits. The people making the policy must find ways. They are paid very high salarries and have power.
Why the Government use foreigners to make the policy? Do they know or care about Malays like Malays or many Malaysians do? Now people talk about not up to date information. If the consultans use these, habislah. If the government says sudah check, why still talking about up to date ones? Why don’t give out the latest information immediately?
Halim,
Thank you for dropping in and leaving a comment.
The Government uses foreign consultants to prepare the New Economic Model at very high fees. It has been criticised in Parliament but because it involves the former Deputy Prime Minister, who is now leader of the Opposition, alleging an Israeli connection, which brought counter accusations along the same line, we will refrain from partaking in the political game.
What we are concerned about is the fact that foreigners do not know the intrinsic aspects of Malaysian society, the undercurrents of the socio-political and economic development of the country to enable them to frame a really meaningful and widely accepted long-term economic policy. Already we have seen comments on their insensitivity towards the needs of the Malays, on the requirements of Article 153 of the Constitution which provides for the protection and promotion of Malay rights and interests. No doubt, the Government may not have provided them with updated data, but local consultants would easily have noticed that the often repeated fact of 18% Malay corporate wealth ownership is a very strong deterrent to the idea of open competition and the proposal for an Equal Opportunities Commission.
Only two members of the National Economic Action Council (to whom the foreign consultants are responsible) were supposed to represent Malay interests. The fact that they appeared not sympathetic on the plight of the Malays made the situation worse. The blog Darah Tuah has written about this.
Perhaps the Prime Minister agreed to the use of foreign consultants in order to be safe and it will be easier to deflect criticisms on his grand economic design. Perhaps he wishes Malaysians and the world to see that the suggestions on further liberalising the economy that he wanted, including the EOC, were put out by “neutral foreign experts”. He may have an over-riding interest in pursuing the 1Malaysia objective of being Malaysian first and being Malay second. He may not fully realise the sentiments of the Malays on certain methods of achieving his 1Malaysia objective. He must protect and promote the rights and interests of the Malays, the majority in this country. And he must be seen to do so. Not seen doing so would make more and more Malays feel unhappy and continue to grudge the Chinese wealth and advancement in other fields as well. It doesn’t augur well for long term unity in the country.
The Opposition Lim Kit Siang has even tried to make political capital of the Deputy Prime Minister’s reference to the protection of Malay rights and interests. The Prime Minister knows that however liberal he may try to be, it will never be enough to the Opposition, especially to the kind of Chinese who always want more and more. He should therefore show more interest in the protection and promotion of Malay rights and interests now. The “updated data” on the economic and educational position of the Malays compared to the Chinese must be released to the public to justify the proposed open competition and EOC. The rakyat needs to see if there is a level playing field.
Unable to get reliable and up-to-date figures, I can only produce “historical figures” in Dr Mohd Fauzi Haji Yaacob’s 1978 article, “Perniagaan Orang Melayu: Sebelum dan Selepas Pelancaran DEB” printed in The Historical Society of Malaysia publication.
Dr Fauzi did mention of an “embargo” placed on race-based statistics at that time. We hope there is no such embargo now as we need to know the real situation on the vast disparities between the Malay and the Chinese economic and educational (professional manpower) situation, in order to be able to provide meaningful feedback on the supremely important New Economic Model being aired for public discussion now. DPM TS Muhyiddin has spoken about it and I hope the Government would release a comprehensive and up-to-date data to avoid the “NEP public airing” being seen as an attempt at pulling wool over the rakyat’s eyes.
Meanwhile, the very old statisctics below do provide a glimpse of the dire economic situation of the Malays at that time which, it is believed, needs to be fully addressed this time:
According to Gan Joon Hai, 1962, in 1954, “yunit perniagaan” (businesses) in this country – 58,005 Chinese, 12,644 Indians, 7,878 Malays.
According to Abd. Rahim Said, 1974, in 1970, “yunit perniagaan” businesses that are non-Sendirian Berhad – 130,829 total, 21,763 Malays (14%).
According to Statistics Dept, 1968, in a census of towns exceeding 10,000 population, “yunit perniagaan secara runcit” (retail outlets) – 59,737 total, 3,993 Malays (less than 1%).
Figures from H.K Charlesworth, Increasing the Number of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs, Lapuran kapada Pengarah ITM, 1974, showed that at the commencement of DEB in 1970, Malay participation in the relevant categories of business was as follows (reliability of these figures not known):
retail – 16% (Not consistent with Statistics Dept figures @ under 1% in 1968)
selected services – 20%
rubber trading – 22%
works contracts below RM100,000 – 78%.
Based on records and official reports released to the public at the relevant times in the past, Malay participation was as follows –
Retail business: 7,878 in 1954, 21,763 in 1970, 28,991 in 1972, 52,700 in in 1976.
The number of registered businesses in Malay names: 104 out of a total of 10,849 in 1970 (below 1%), 3,621 out of 28,836 in 1976 (12%).
Malay participation in industries: only 14 projects that had 50% Malay participation in 1970, 40 in 1973, 57 in 1974. 81 in 1975.
JKR-registered Malay contractors, all classes: 2,049 in 1972, 4,331 in 1975. Those in Class A, B and C: 47 in 1972, 142 in 1975.
Lorry transport business, A license holders: 249 in 1970 (10%), 3,234 in 1975 (54%).
No mention is made of the experience of the Malays in those businesses or how much Ali Baba-ism or license sub-letting to the Chinese there was at those times.
We simply need to know the figures for the present time, in all spheres of economic activity in order to know whether, for example, the Equal Opportunities Commision being proposed is justifiable or nonsensical considering the very uneven playing field. I also agree with the view that it is simply unfair to have open competition under those circumstances. Allowing that will not bring harmony and long term peace, but will instead bring the opposite.
I agree with the opinion that the very fact that the Malays have only 18% corporate wealth – as last officially declared – is a very strong reason for the continuation of NEP strategies. I’m not clear whether the EOC applies only to the estimated 40% low income group and there have not been many comments explaining that so far.
Dot,
Thank you for providing those comparative figures, albeit old ones.
In the aftermath of the racial riots of 1969 we would have uderstood the “embargo” on race-based statistics. Now, however, although racial polarisation has been on the increase, that kind of heightened racial tension does not exist and the release of those statistics becomes necessary because the proposed New Economic Model speaks about open competition and the Equal Opportunities Commission. Let us urge the Government to release the up-to-date figures so that the rakyat can engage in constructive discussions on the NEM.
The inconsistency between the Statistics Department figures and those of H.K Charlesworth, presumably a consultant to ITM at that time, is another example where foreign consultants can go wrong. There have been many such cases in the past, including New Zealand (?) engineering consultants designing roadside slopes for roads in the interior of Kelantan not based on soil type and several slope failures occurred. This one appears to be quite a serious one. When the Statistics Dept said it was below 1% in 1968, Charlesworth said it was 16% in 1970. It would have been such a fantastic rise in the number of Malay retail outlets, one we would have liked to see happening – except that it could not possibly be true.
We have repeatedly stated above the need for the up-to-date statistics to be released on the various grounds already explained. Let us continue urging the Government to release them. Failue to do so would render the proposed NEM becoming statistically unchallenged. And the idea of getting feedback from the rakyat becomes farsical.
Salam SSS Admin,
EOC dikatakan akan bergerak mengikut dasar perlembagaan, maknanya tertakluk juga kepada 153. Confused saya ….. Samarata macam kepala Nazri, tapi mengiktiraf hak keistimewaan Bumi atau kuota ?
MatBunga tu pun satu, punyalah nak nama dia tercatit dalam sejarah.. buat benda kelam kabut. MEB penuh ngan bunga, buah tadak. Sebarang pelan ekonomi atau projek yang dirancang kalau ternyata mendatangkan manafaat kepada rakyat ( disamping Memperkukuhkan Melayu ) , buat ajelah. Tak perlu nak wujudkan dasar baru seperti MEB untuk gantikan DEB, kemudian baru nak laksanakan projek2 tersebut dibawah nama MEB. Itu nak kejar nama namanya.
Sibuk nak hias luaran rumah ngan bunga2 tapi dalam rumah hancur !
dinturtle,
MEB mengatakan EOC berdasarkan kapada Perlembagaan tidak boleh menghilangkan syak wasangka diatas motive dan so’al kepatutan serta keadilan disekeliling cadangan itu. So’al nya adakah MEB benar-benar pentingkan Perlembagaan. Ini diragukan kerana MEB tidak menyebut usaha-usaha mengatur semula sistem pendidikan, dimana sekolah vernakular sekarang bertentangan dengan Artikel 152 Perlembagaan, tidak menggunakan Bahasa Kebangsaan. Dari itu, menjadi so’al juga sama ada MEB dimotivasikan kepentingan politik, tidak kepentingan negara sepenuhnya, atau kepentingan keharmonian dan keamanan jangka masa panjang.
Tidak ada so’al peluang sama rata bila padang pertandingan tidak sama rata. Bagaimana timbul keadilan dan kepatutan jika mahukan Melayu bersaing secara terbuka kerana Melayu mula berniaga dengan banyak hanya bila bermula DEB ditahun 1970. Masakan Cina sudah berniaga dengan banyak sejak zaman pemerintahan kolonial British lagi. Angka-angka yang dikeluarkan oleh Dot diatas membuktikan hal ini dengan jelas.
Melayu bertamadun berdagang atau “barter trading” yang menggunakan perinsip “berpatutan”. Barang yang “ditukar” tidak ditimbang, diletakkan harga, dikira untung ruginya. Hanya dilihat dari segi patut atau tidaknya. Hanya menurut apa barang yang diperlukan pada masa itu. Dengan kedatangan Islam Melayu mendapat ajaran supaya mengejar kesejahteraan diakhirat, tidak mementingkan sangat kekayaan didunia, dengan alasan yang telah menjadi peribahasa orang Melayu – “harta pusaka tidak boleh dibawa mati”;. Maka Melayu meneruskan tamadunnya yang berdagang hanya untuk keperluan hariannya. Fakta-fakta berkaitan ada didalam buku “Tamadun Alam Melayu”, yang menyebut berbagai kajian ilmiah dilakukan sarjana didalam berbagai bidang berkenaan, yang diterbitkan oleh Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia, 2007.
Masakan tamadun Cina berdasarkan keperluan mendapat keuntungan, menambah harta mencari kekayaan dan mementingkan kesejahteraan didunia. Orang Cina ditanah besar China mencipta sukatan timbang dan ukuran (weights and measures) sejak lebih 1,000 tahun yang lalu. Dengan itu mereka berdagang berdasarkan mendapat lebih faedah baginya, mendapat keuntungan, dan berikutnya, menambah harta benda dan mengumpul kekayaan. Fikirkanlah: mereka telah melakukan hal ini sebagai cara hidup mereka demikian lama, sudah menjadi cara hidup, darah daging mereka. Mengambil untung dan mengumpul kekayaan secara “berniaga” sudah menjadi tabi’at semula jadi mereka.
Masakan Melayu bahru sahaja tahu dan bahru sahaja berniaga. Maka tidak patut dan tidak adil MEB mahukan Melayu bersaing dan bertanding secara terbuka dengan Cina. EOC bertentangan dengan Artikle 153 Perlembagaan berkenaan Kedudukan Istimewa Melayu. Tidak ada kesama rataan kerana ada Kedudukan Istimewa Melayu yang telah disetujui bukan Melayu sebagai balasan Melayu setujukan kerakyatan untuk mereka dimasa Merdeka. Berdasarkan hujah-hujah ini, dan yang tersebut diatas, EOC tidak wajar diwujudkan.
Dear Admin,
Can you open FB Account so that we can gauge the size of the support.
zj,
Thank you for dropping by and leaving a comment.
An FB account would not give a fair picture of the size of support. At best, it would only provide a very rough idea on the support and it can be misleading. We thank you for your suggestion but we have no plans to have an FB account at this stage.
Even polling organisations may not provide an accurate picture of any given situation. The integrity of the personnel, the funding or independence of the organisation, what, how and under what circumstances the questions are asked all play a part in the result of the polls. The Merdeka Centre which does polling has not proven their accuracy and that they are an independent organisation. The Asian Research Institute once said the Malays already had 43% of corporate wealth when the Government said it was only 19%. Imagine the vast difference.
Of course, often times polls have been used to fit in with or promote certain agendas of political groups. We hope the time will come when we can have in Malaysia polls that have only 2-3% margin of error, like in the United States.
1. “By the DPM’s own admission, the data on wealth distribution is not updated” – how can they propose an Equal Opportunities Commision and open competition when they didn’t even have updated wealth distribution figures? That EOC is conceived on an improper basis. Just on this ground alone, it will create ill will among the people if it is implemented.
2. “If we work from an incomplete data, all the initiatives proposed could be misguided and render the contents of the NEM useless” – I support this view. That is the only logical conclusion under the circumstances. Why use foreign consultants? Why appoint the 2 Malays into the NEAC when they could not even repesent the Malays – there’s talk that they spoke against NEP values, etc. Where is fairness in the whole process of formulating the NEM when the consultants were foreign and the supervising body had no proper Malay representation?
3. “developing a quality workforce and reducing dependency on foreign labour … By reviewing the education system … shifting educational approach from ‘rote learning’ to ‘creative and critical thinking’ , the education system itself must be streamlined … into one national school system … won’t make them feel alienated from each other. Bahasa Malaysia and English must be the core unifying factor … ” – I fully agree with these statements.
Well done, JMD. You have put out a good analysis and highly meaningful commentary on a 200-page document within the short time you had.
Warta,
Thank you for visiting and commenting again.
It is recognised the world over that accurate and up-to-date data is a very important criterion for the formulation of an economic policy. We are perplexed that the consultants appeared to have made recommendations not based on up-to-date data. They appeared to have been endorsed by the National Economic Action Council. The integrity of the New Economic Model is now being questioned. Especially when it relates to suggesting open competition in an unlevel playing field as reflected in the idea of an Equal Opportunities Commission.
The need to appoint foreign consultants is also questionable. Surely there are sufficently qualified and experienced local consultants to do the job. In any consultancy work, the basic inormation and data has to be provided by the agency commissioning the the job. They are given a Terms of Reference which stipulate their scope of work. The consultants talk to the various authorities to find out the current thinking and get elaboraton on the Terms of Reference. They dig elasewhere and ask for all other additional information and the latest data. Including the Statistics Department, which should have the latest data on subjects they have dones surveys or census on. The consultants research and enquire further for the very latest information and data. Then only would do the policy formulating and the recommending part of the job. Malaysians can do such a job.
Where it may involve supplanting the practices adopted in advanced countries, like the EOC that has been in practice in US, if local consultants were commissioned to do the job, they could visit the US and study such laws, talk to the formulators and the enforcers and familiarise themselves with the subject. The cost would certainly be less than employing foreign consultants. More importantly, local consultants would know the sensitivities of the local population and tailor their recommendations accordingly. Of course, the Government decides, and may even have wished for such recommendations, but democratically elected Governments are not prone to ramming recommendations and decisions down the throat of the general populace. It is good that there is this attempt to get feedback from the people. Hopefully it is based on a genuine desire to guage the reaction of the rakyat and the consultants’ or NEAC’s recommendations would be modified, or in the case of the EOC, even omitted in the final NEM when finalised in June.
Saya tak faham konomik itu konomik ini. Saya cuma nak cakap fasal nak suruh Melayu bertanding tak berpayong dengan hanya 18% kekayaan korporat. Itu pun katanya tak tahu betul ke tidak 18% ke atau dah kurang dari itu ke. Dah tu nak komisen sama rata pulak. Tak patutlah.
Itu ada yang kata kumpulan ekontan Melayu hanya 30% saja banding dengan Cina 70%. Kalau tak ada DEB mana boleh dapat begitu. Tapi angaka itu patut ditebalikkan – saya setuju Melayu patut ada 60% ekontan. Kalau tidak macam mana nak kejar Cina maju konomi. Macam mana nak hilang iri hati asyik tertinggal jauh dibelakang saja. Sana sini hampir tak ada kedai Melayu pun. Jangan buang acara DEB itu. MEB mesti teruskan acara itu. Saya tak kisah apa nama pun asalkan tujuan DEB diteruskan.
Sayong,
Terima kasih kerana melawat kami lagi dan meninggalkan komen.
Benar bahawa angka 18% itu masih diragukan sama ada angka terkini atau tidak. Pada suatu masa dizaman pemerintahan Tun Dr Mahathir dahulu angka tertinggi tercapai adalah 23%. Beberapa peratus lenyap akibat Krisis Kewangan Asia ditahun 1997-8. Di zaman pemerintahan yang lalu angka itu disebut sebagai 19%. Kebelakangan ini angka itu selalu dikatakan sebagai 18%. Sama ada merosot lagi atau tidak tidak diketahui sekarang.
Walau bagaimana pun, itu satu bukti ketidak sama rataan ekonomi Melayu dengan Cina dinegara ini. Itu tidak termasuk ketidak sama rataan didalam lain-lain bidang. Apabila ada demikian banyak ketidak sama rataan, memang tidak wajar disyorkan Suruhanjaya Kesamarataan Peluang (EOC). Tentu akan memburukkan lagi keadaan. Yang sudah mempunyai lebih akan mendapat lebih dan yang kurang akan menjadi lebih kekurangan. Tidak boleh bersaing atau bertanding dipadang yang tidak sama rata tanpa menjejas kedudukan kumpulan yang lemah kerana kekurangan didalam beberapa aspek kemajuan.
Peranan pakar kewangan amatlah perlu bagi membantu kemajuan ekonomi Melayu. Peranan mereka sudah dinyatakan dengan terang didalam komen terdahlulu dari ini. Mereka boleh melihat dengan cepat maju mundurnya sesuatu syarikat dengan melihat aliran kewangan dan pergerakan perniagaan syarikat itu. Mereka boleh menasihatkan pengurusan syarikat apa yang perlu dibuat untuk memajukan lagi atau supaya tidak terkandas atau tersangkut. Lebih banyak pakar kewangan atau ekauntan yang bertauliah lebih peluang Melayu maju dalam perniagaan dan lebih harapan matlamat 30% kekayaan korporat dan lain lainnya di capai.
We all Malaysian citizens. Why we cannot have equal oportunities? The Commission is good plan. The Malays already have 40 years NEP. It is good time to have MEP.
Not all Chinese are rich. Many struggling very hard to live. We only ask be equal not more and more like you said. All same Malaysian citizens, so give same oportunities. Every where citizens get same oportunities.
Kit,
Thank you for visiting and commenting again.
We can have equal opportunities where there is equality among the communities. But economically and educationally the Malays, the Chinese and the others are not equal. The Malays have only 18% corporate equity and this alone clearly shows there is no “equality” even from the point of view of the New Economic Policy target. Let alone equality in the sense of wealth ownership proportionate to the population ratio, which the Malays have not been asking – so far.
The length of time of the NEP cannot be used to justify ending or curtailing it. The Malays themselves chose the period of achieving the NEP target but even the Chinese who have a lot of knowledge and experience in business would not be able to estimate a satisfactory time frame accurately because nobody had done it before. Do read the articles provided by commenter named Dot about the Malays for thousands of years not having a culture of profit taking or business ventures or wealth accumulation like the Chinese, but of barter trading mainly for daily needs i.e exchange of goods not based on weights, measures and profits.
The Malays also struggle to make ends meet. Under British rule they didn’t have much education except four years of primary education in Malay schools. Ignorance bred ignorance. But when NEP started more Malays got high education and more Malay professionals existed. Even so, in accountancy the ratio is only 30:70 in favour of the Chinese. So, the NEP needs to be continued – it can be under any name.
The plan to improve the 40% low income bracket is a good one. It should be pursued irrespective of race. But one wonders if the Equal Opportunity Commission will limit its activities only to this group. But because of cultural background and attitude towards making money and wealth accumulation, even in this area the Chinese may out-compete the Malays. The Malays have a Special Position agreed to by the non-Malays for agreeing to their citizenship at Merdeka time. If the EOM means open competition in an uneven playing field, it will not only contradict the Constitution but also be unfair to the Malays.
“Tender for projects will be an open, transparent process.”
By all means, let’s have it. The Government must do it. It will avoid a lot of misgivings about Government fairness. It will greatly reduce favouritism, cronyism and nepotism. It will translate into reducing corruption, the scourge of mankind.
But, for goodness sake, give the Malays a chance. 40 years under the NEP is a short time considering they don’t have business knowledge and experience and non-business culture.
So, the Government must continue the past practice of having separate “OPEN TENDERS” and “TENDERS FOR BUMIPUTERAS ONLY” for a reasonable number of contracts and projects. The Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak should compete among themselves. The tenders for Bumiputeras only must also be done under an “open and transparent process” as well.
It’s the least the Government should do in recognition of Article 153 Special Position of the Malays and other Bumiputeras. The MEB should state this in order to allay the fears of the Malays of not being cared for or being sidelined in their own country.
Abdul Rahim,
Welcome to this blog and thank you for giving your views.
The NEM promises “Have zero tolerance for corruption”. We support this whole-heartedly. The high-level corrupt need to be prosecuted to give a strong message of seriousness in the fight against corruption. One sitting Menteri Besar, Dato Harun Idris, was prosecuted and jailed a long time ago. A former Deputy Prime Minister was prosecuted. Prosecuting more of prominent politicians, on both sides of aisle, would give the Government a lot of support. Pak Lah won handsomely at the 2004 General Elections on an anti-corruption platform and a “Mr Clean” image. The reverse happened in 2008 when that platform disappeared and that image went kapputz.
We need to keep pointing out to the distractors of affirmative policy in favour of the Malays that 40 years under the NEP was a short time considering the history of British colonial rule which provided business assistance and adequate educational facilities to the Chinese but not to the Malays who they wanted to remain as farmers and fishermen forever.
The system of separate “Tenders for Bumiputeras only” and “Open Tenders” must be continued otherwise the Malays, who are far backward in business, would not be getting or be able to execute worthwhile contracts. One does not see any Malays in the construction industry owning construction equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, cranes and the like. Pricing tenders based on rented machines would certainly end up in high bid prices and their chances of winning tenders negated. Executing contracts based on rented equipment render them at the mercy of machine-owning contractors who generally carry out business on “kill the competitor” basis. Remember also the “Club mentality” that the researcher wrote about in the second article of this post.
In view of these, the Government should also incorporate in the NEM efforts at building Malay contractors to a level of owning equipment of various kinds. Otherwise they would continue to become dependent on the Chinese and revert to Ali Baba-ism or bidding with prices provided by Chinese contractors intending to carry out the entire works, who add a few per cent commission for the Malay contractors.
Tun Mahathir (dikhabarkan oleh Bernama (?) baru-baru ini) memberikan komen yang positif terhadap NEM. Menepati 1-Malaysia dan DS Najib juga dikatakan tidak melupakan kaumnya sendiri dalam merangkakan NEM itu.
Lega sikit hati. Agaknya Tun Mahathir tidaklah diberi “preview” kelabu asap sepertimana yang dihidangkankepada rakyat melalui pengumuman (Fasa 1 ?) NEM itu. Walaubagaimanapun, kepercayaan kepada Tun Mahathir dalam soal membina dan mempertahankan negara ini melebihi kesamaran kelabu asap NEM itu.
Tapi janganlah percaya 110% apa yang NEAC (?) bentangkan. Kita curiga kpd bekas org Maybank dan teamnya yg terdiri dari kaum yang diragui untuk memikirkan tentang masalah org Melayu & Bumiputera sepenuh hati.
Apamacam, boleh ke tidur nyenyak sikit malam ni? NEM ini bukan seakan-akan janji piliharanraya kecil hulu Selangor ke?
antunem,
Terima kasih kerana mengunjung kami dan meninggalkan komen.
Benar bahawa DS Najib tidak melupakan kaumnya sendiri dalam MEB. Ada disebutkan bahawa tindakan “affirmative” dibawah DEB tidak akan diketepikan diMEB. Tetapi cadangan penubuhan Suruhanjaya Peluang Samarata memuskilkan tujuannya. Belom ada butir-butir lanjut bagaimana Suruhanjaya itu akan ditubuhkan dan operasinya dijalankan. Undang-undang tubuhnya (constitution or enactment) akan menentukan pengurusan dan kuasanya. Dasar dasar operasinya ditentukan oleh Lembaga Pengarah dan pengurusannya. Komposisinya tidak diketahui dan dijangka masalah akan timbul diperingkat ini – sama ada hak dan kepentingan Melayu akan dilindungi atau tidak.
Adalah dirisaukan Suruhanjaya itu akan bercanggah dengan Artikel 153 Perlembagaan berkenaan Kedudukan Istimewa Melayu yang telah disetujukan kaum bukan Melayu sebagai balasan kapada Melayu menyetujukan kerakyatan untuk mereka dimasa Merdeka. Adalah dijangka bahawa ianya akan membawa kapada keadaan dimana Melayu dan Bumiputera lain dimahukan bersaing dan bertanding dengan bukan Melayu dilapangan ekonomi dan pelajaran. Ini tidak boleh berlaku kerana tidak adil bertanding dan bersaing dipadang yang tidak sama rata. Nyata tidak sama rata kerana dalam perkara kekayaan korporat sahaja pun, Melayu mempunyai hanya 18%. Dibidang ekauntan yang bertauliah, Melayu hanya ada 30% tetapi Cina ada 70%, masakan angka itu sepatutnya terbalik.
Maka ada pula pemikiran dan pendirian perniagaan mengikut cara kelab atau persatuan eksklusib yang dinyatakan didalam rencana kedua pos kami kali ini. Janet T Landa telah membuat kajian keatas cara perniagaan kaum Cina diAsia Tenggara dan menulis berkenaan “many individual trader’s discriminatory choice of trading partners .. the emergence of an ethnically homogeneous middleman group (EHMG), a club-like arrangement alternative to contract law”. Boleh dilihat perkara ini berlaku dinegara ini. Peniaga Melayu tidak langsung dapat masuk kelab eksklusib tersebut.
Mereka bantu membantu diantara mereka sahaja. Langsung tidak kelihatan bantu membantu diantara mereka dengan peniaga Melayu. Tidak kelihatan juga usahasama perniagaan yang tulin sebagai berkongsi perniagaan diperingkat umum. Akibatnya ialah gedung-gedung jual beli (shopping malls) dibandar besar dan berbaris-baris kedai dibandar basa pada umumnya tidak kelihatan kedai Melayu selain dari kedai makan. Maka, selagi tidak ada penerangan dan janji bahawa tindakan mengatasi masalah masalah tersebut diatas akan dimasukkan kedalam MEB, Suruhanjaya Peluang Samarata itu nampak akan menjejas hak dan kepentingan Melayu dan perlu dibantah.
DS Najib banyak melayan kepentingan kaum Cina saperti liberalisasi ekonomi dimasa lalu, membenarkan sekolah Cina berterusan, berkali kali memberi bantuan wang kapada sekolah Cina, dan sebagainya. Maka dikhuatirkan dasar ini akan membawa kapada, contohnya, penghentian sistem sekolah berasrama penuh saperti MRSM yang ada kaum Cina ada ungkitkan dan peruntukan kewangan baginya bagi tahun ini dipotong sebanyak 60%. Masakan sepatutnya sistem sekolah vernakular yang tidak menggunakan Bahasa Malaysia sebagai bahasa pengantar yang patut dibetulkan dan sistem sekolah satu aliran atau Satu Sekolah Untuk Semua (SSS) patut dan perlu dirangkumi didalam MEB.
Tuan
Saya lama tidak tinggalkan komen disini. Baca sahaja dari masa kemasa.
Saya kurang yaakin berkenaan pendapat TDM saperti antunem sebut itu, “Menepati 1-Malaysia dan DS Najib juga dikatakan tidak melupakan kaumnya sendiri dalam merangkakan NEM itu.” Saya tidak nampak bukti-bukti dia ingatkan kaum Melayu sejak dia banyak melayan kepentingan kaum Cina – liberalisasi ekonomi melalui IPO, “walk about” keakhbar Cina, lawat sekolah Cina, umumkan sekolah Cina boleh diteruskan, beri bantuan tambahan kesekolah Cina, makan malam disekolah Cina hingga Budget dia nyaris tak lulus diParlimen, dan sebagainya.
Ini pulak mahu kesama rataan, bercadang adakan Suruhanjaya Sama Rata Peluang. Melayu hanya 18% kekayaan korporat. Dalam bidang lain kita tidak tahu. Dan tidak ada kenyataan dan penerangan yang boleh benar-benar meredakan hati saya. Saya fikir Unit Perancang Ekonomi JPM perlu beri penerangan sepenuhnya. Kementerian Penerangan boleh keluarkannya melalui Bernama dan sebagainya. Tapi belom nampak penerangan yang menunjukkan bagaimana Suruhanjaya itu boleh mempertahankan dan memajukan kepentingan Melayu.
Sdr Enchon,
Pasal NEM & DS Najib, memanglah saya tidak yakin langsung bila melihat langkah-langkah yang telah diambil setakat ini (seperti dasar liberalisasi di mana beberapa yang telah ada pada orang Melayu dibuang oleh dasar ini). Pengumum ciri-ciri NEM pun membuatkan rasa panas dan tidak selesa tidur malam. Bagi saya, memang tiada satupun dari DS Najib dan NEM ini yang boleh memberikan keamanan kepada hati saya.
Tapi apabila dikhabarkan bahawa Tun M memberikan komen yang positif terhadap NEM, maka kegusaran saya berkurangan. Ini semata-mata hanya disebabkan oleh kata-kata Tun M (sekiranya benar kenytaaannya itu).
Harap DS Najib jangan pandai menipu Tun M, dah la.
antunem,
Terima kasih diatas penerangan yang dikeluarkan itu.
Kami setuju bahawa apabila Tun Dr Mahathir di laporkan memberi komen positif terhadap NEM, kita berasa lega sedikit. TDM adalah Perdana Menteri yang berjaya menaikkan kekayaan korporat Melayu ke lebih 20%. Dia menepis kesan Krisis Kewangan Asia diMalaysia dengan caranya tersendiri dan berjaya menstabilkan Ringgit Malaysia dimedan kewangan antarabangsa. Dia pernah mengeluarkan pendapat yang bertentangan dengan pendirian Tengku A Rahman sehingga dinyah dari UMNO bagi suatu masa dahulu. Dia menulis buku “The Malay Dilemma” yang menggambarkan kesedarannya berkenaan kelemahan kaum Melayu dinegara ini. Dia banyak pengtahuan dan pengalaman dari 22 tahun memerintah Malaysia. Pemikiran dan pendiriannya masih relevan dan banyak kata-katanya diakhbar dan penulisannya dilaman citranya CheDet.com membuka mata, memberi pedoman dan ada juga yang memberangsangkan. Oleh itu, bila dia memberi komen yang positif terhadap NEM, kita merasa lega.
TDM juga ada mengatakan bahawa perhubungannya dengan DS Najib adalah baik, tidak ada masalah baginya untuk menemui dan bertukar pendapat dengan DSN, tidak saperti PM “flip-flopping dan auto-piloting” dahulu. Dengan itu bolehlah kita ramalkan bahawa TDM mendapat segala penerangan yang diperlukannya berkenaan NEM dari DSN sendiri dan bila dia memberi komen positif terhadap NEM, pendapatnya itu berdasarkan bukan sahaja maalumat NEM yang telah diumumkan tetapi juga penerangan yang diperolehi diperbualan peribadi.
Marilah kita mengharapkan Kerajaan mengeluarkan penerangan diatas hal hal yang dikeluarkan diblog ini dan dilain lain tempat. Rakyat perlu tahu, umpamanya, data dan angka-angka terkini berkenaan kedudukan Melayu-Cina dalam bidang ekonomi dan pendidikan kerana ada cadangan persaingan atau bertanding dipadang yang tidak sama rata dengan penubuhan Suruhanjaya Peluang Samarata itu. Setakat ini memang SPS atau EOC itu nampak tidak seimbang dengan Kedudukan Istimewa Melayu diArtikel 153 Perlembagaan negara dan perlu dibantah.
Enchon,
Terima kasih mengunjung dan meninggalkan komen sekali lagi.
Kami sokong pendapat bahawa Unit Perancang Ekonomi, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, dan Kementerian Penerangan melalui Bernama dan sebagainya mengeluarkan penerangan sepenuh penuhnya berkenaan Model Ekonomi Bahru yang dirancangkan itu. Perlu ada maklumat secukupnya bagi memuaskan hati kaum Melayu dan lain lain Bumiputera bahawa hak dan kepentingan mereka tidak akan terancam dibawah MEB. Mereka perlu menerima pemuasan hati sebab Artikel 153 Perlembagaan memberi mereka Kedudukan Istimewa dinegara mereka ini. Tambahan pula mereka adalah majoriti penduduk dinegara ini. Kerajaan mesti mencari jalan meninggikan ekonomi negara tanpa menjejaskan hak dan kepentingan Melayu dan lain lain Bumiputera itu.
Tujuan mengumumkan MEB secara dua peringkat itu nampaknya untuk menunjukkan rakyat bahawa Kerajaan tidak bermaksud memasakkan (didalam erti kata kayu dipasak) MEB dikalangan rakyat. Dengan itu amat perlu penerangan dan mana mana butir lanjut yang diminta rakyat dikeluarkan secepat mungkin supaya timbal balas yang diharapkan akan dibuat secara bertanggung jawab, jadi berguna dan penuh maknanya.
Data terkini yang lengkap perlu dikeluarkan. Jika tidak, ini bermakna konsultan yang menyediakan MEB tidak menggunakan data yang terkini dan lengkap dan MEB tidak boleh diterima keutuhannya. Pendek kata, jika demikain, rang atau derap MEB itu tidak boleh dipakai. Pepatah IT bahru menjadi sesuai baginya – “garbage in, garbage out”. Marilah kita menggesa Kerajaan mengeluarkan data yang terkini dan lengkap tersebut.
Thank you for highlighting my article in this blog. Really appreciate it. SSS must be realised within the NEM to make the latter successful.
Just my two sen worth 🙂
jebatmustdie,
You are very welcome. Your analysis of the NEM was the first one we came across very soon after the announcement on NEM. You did an excellent job of elaborating on the salient points stated in the NEM from the 200 page book very soon after you received it. You put out very pertinent comments, and, from what we gather, you have the qualifications and work experience relevant to commenting on economic policies.
Indeed, the NEM must incorporate plans on changing the education system of the country. We in fact now have three systems of education – Sekolah Kebangsaan, Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil. It is simply not logical to carry on with those. Schools with Mandarin and Tamil as the medium of instruction are simply not consistent with Article 152 on the position of bahasa Malaysia as the National Language of the country.
NEM is aimed at bringing about long-term unity in the country. The single stream schooling and Satu Sekolah Untuk Semua (SSS) aims that too. The Prime Minister conceives of the NEM lasting for 10 years or more. Long-term economic planning must incorporate the framework, the funding and the manpower for the change to a single stream schooling system instead of the present three streams.
The Prime Minister said that SSS will be implemented when the rakyat is ready, when the rakyat wants it. He did not say how the wishes of the rakyat will be determined. We believe the rakyat wants it now. We have proposed referendum as the most reliable and the safest method of determining the wishes of the people. This idea of a referendum, the costs and manpower for which may be as much as general elections, must at least be mentioned in the NEM.
Can I just type here what Reuters (British news agency) correpsondents Razak Ahmad and Royce Cheah wrote:
“Any plans to dismantle the extensive system of privileges for Malays and other indigenous peoples that account for 65 percent of the 28 million population may trigger popular discontent.
A radical group called Perkasa has been formed to ‘defend’ Malays and Islam … “
Wira,
Welcome to our site and thank you for leaving a comment.
Article 153 of the Constitution empowers the Yang Dipertuan Agong, through a democratically elected government, to protect the interests of the Malays and other Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak. It has been termed as the Special Position of the Malays who have been left far behind economically and educationally by British colonial rule. It covers the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak who are also far behind the Chinese economically and educationally in those states. After the racial riots in Peninsular Malaysia in 1969, a New Economic Policy was implemented to correct the vast imbalance in the economic and educational position of the Malays compared to the Chinese. The Chinese had control of the economy and dominated the professions in 1970.
Through the NEP the Malays have acquired 18% corporate wealth of the country and have increased their presence in the various professions. They are still far behind in all respects of the economy and in the various professions. In accountancy, for example, the ratio of qualified and certified public accountants is 30:70 in favour of the Chinese whereas it should be the other way round. Of course, the Malays and the other Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak would be hugely discontented if NEP is dismantled and its characteristics are not included in the New Economic Model.
In its attempts to win Chinese votes the current administration has taken actions that appeared to be largely promoting the interests of the Chinese – especially pertaining to Chinese schools – and not seen to be protecting and promoting the interests of the Malays and the other Bumiputeras. Perkasa was created to bring to the attention of the Government of the need to protect and promote the interests of the Malays and the oher Bumiputeras. They were joined by 76 Malay NGOs. They have gone on roadshows to create further awareness among the Bumiputeras of the need to speak up and ask the Government to ensure the protection and furtherance of their interests in the New Economic Model.
The opposition political parties, especially the Chinese-based ones, have criticised Perkasa and the 76 NGOs. As usual, leaders and members of one chauvinistic party, which always looks for anything and everything to criticise, has not missed out its criticisms of Perkasa. Nothing has ever seemed right to them. They were the offshoot of the party that coined the so-called “Malaysian Malaysia” concept that is subversive to the Malay Special Position in Article 153 and led to the explusion of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965, and a concept that had played a part in the racial riots of 1969. Their racialistic pronouncements and acts should be curtailed by resorting to such laws as the Sedition Act whenever appropriate, in the interest of long term harmony, peace and stability.
The writer Landa said
… the ethnically homogeneous Chinese middleman group (EHMG) as a club-like arrangement in which Chinese traders within the group cooperated by providing themselves with club goods/local public goods such as contract enforcement, capital and information, in response to an environment lacking basic infra-structure such as legal infrastructure, banking and credit-rating institutions. By cooperating with each other, members of the EHMG were able to enforce contracts, mobilize information and capital, thereby reducing transactions costs, hence out-competing other ethnic groups to appropriate the role of middleman-entrepreneur .
The Chinese doing this for a long time. Their way to do business. Help each other. Tak boleh ka? Malaysia boleh, ma.
Steven,
Thank you for visiting and commenting again.
True, there’s no law to say the Chinese cannot carry on with their clan or business associations which have existed for a long time. But people are talking about the difficulties in doing business in competition with the Chinese spirit of co-operation among themselves “providing themselves with club goods/local public goods such as contract enforcement, capital and information” etc, and “hence out-competing other ethnic groups to appropriate the role of middleman-entrepreneur.”
.
Ideally, in a multi-racial society like Malaysia, for harmony, peace and progress, there should be good co-operation among the various racial groups in all sorts of activities. But the ideal does not exist. Competition is a matter of out-doing the other fellow so that you get the business, not him. It’s about salesmanship as well as blocking the fellow’s way. It’s hardly about “prospering thy neighbour” because if thy neighbour prospers, you might not, and, as is often feared, thy neighbour might put you down.
The phrase “killer instinct” is often used in business in advanced countries. Intra-company business espionage has been a common practice in Japan and United States. A more recent widely publicised case is the Rio Tinto case in China. Thefts of secrets and designs in the car industry may not even have been aimed at killing the competitor but merely to ensure a manufacturer’s car models are in line with those of the competitors. Hence one sees the design of cars produced by Toyata, which changes their models every so often, not totally out of the general trend, or not in fashion in the car industry, so to speak.
The killer instinct has led to mergers and take-overs often described as company rationalisation exercises aimed at strengthening their position in facing competition. In many cases such tendencies ended up in monopolies over products, services, etc, and in the creation of huge business conglomerates, or sogososhas as they are called in Japan. In the US there have been laws designed to curb such activities – the anti-monopoly and anti-trust laws.
In Malaysia, to our knowledge, no such laws exist. Mergers, take-overs, reverse-take overs and the like continue being done at the higher level through the Stock Exchange and the public listing of companies. At the lower level they exist by way of sale and purchase or exchange of shares in limited companies. But very often they occur only among business people who know one another well. The clan and business associations among the Chinese play a big role. Their businesses grow and become stronger from time to time. The Malays lack these tendencies and, in general, simply do not have the know how. They are relatively new in business and have not had a culture of doing business like the Chinese do.
Hence, to expect the Malays to compete in business openly with the Chinese is not a realistic, even a fair, idea. The Malays need to continue to be assisted like under the NEP. The economic planners have to incorporate NEP values in the NEM. After all, the NEM objective must be long-term harmony, peace and prosperity in the country.
Long time no come here. Just want to say I agree with the above. jebatmustdie also said, “Now there (they) are very timid in doing business. With the absence of veritable data, the perception of the private sector being monopolised by one community IS the prevailing perception of the current situation.” I also agree with him. NEM must have plan to correct that.
Got to be in the meeting room now. Have a nice day.
Izham,
Good to see you here again and commenting.
Timidity in doing business may have stemmed from the fact that they have not much knowledge and hardly any experience in doing business. Aggressiveness, persistence and resilience are often the hallmarks of business success. Plus, of course, the exclusivity of the clan association or club-like spirit of co-operation, assistance and encouragement that researcher Janet T Landa speaks about, that is prevalent among the Chinese. All these the Malays and other Bumiputeras do not have. Doing business has not been a part of their culture, not their way of life.
It is true that the perception now is that the Chinese monopolises the private sector. It is no secret that the Chinese control the economy of the country. They play a key role in practically all sectors of the economy, from manufacturing to distribution to retailing and all kinds of services. Just look around the shopping malls and the rows and rows of shop houses where hardly any Malay shop or business premise is seen except for restaurants. Even so, quite a number are owned and operated by Indian Muslims.
The Government has to recognise that the scenario needs to be changed to reduce the grudges, resentment and frustration of the Bumiputeras at not being able to compete. If Bumiputeras can compete openly, why are there not many Malay shops and businesses in such places? For long-term harmony and peace, the huge economic and educational imbalance between the Bumiputeras (including the natives of Sabah and Sarawak) and the Chinese need be corrected. The Indians need help, too, especially in the lower income bracket. These need to be addressed in the NEM.
In the rush to acquire a developed status by 2020, the Government must find ways and means for an equitable distribution of the wealth of the country. This has been one of the underlying causes of the racial riots of 1969 and that situation must be avoided for the continued peace and progress of the country.
Pakcik saya cerita dia masuk niaga tak tahu apa. Tak tahu beza syarikat berdaftar dengan syarikat sendirian berhad pun. Nengok orang kereta besar rumah besar, rasa hendak dapat macam itu. Modal tak ada. Nak pinjam geran tanah emak dia pun ada dua tiga nama dalam geran. Kawan dia cakap kalau ada geran pun bukan bank nak beri pinjam gitu saja. Nak ada kertas kerja ke hape ke. Kalau pun bank fikir projek tu bagus, peniaga mesti ada modal sendiri sikit bahru boleh timbangkan permohonan pinjaman.
Dia pening kepala. Dia kata tempat kerja dia tak boleh nak buat kerja luar atau nak cari komisen jual rumah ke, jual tanah ke. Tak ada masa, sibuk sangat, pulak dah boss ada sebut tak boleh buat gitu masa kerja dengan dia. Lama jugak cari jalan itu, cari jalan ini. Kemudian dia jumpa kawan lama sekolah dulu yang dah lama juga niaga, tapi maju lebih kurang saja. Kawan tu sanggup ambik dia kerja dan boleh buat niaga sendiri. Dia pun cobalah. Selalu kerja sampai malam sebab kena buat kerja untuk syarikat kawan dan untuk syarikat dia sendiri. Macam-macam masalah. Dapat tahu pulak, bank perit nak beri pinjam kalau tak ada pengalaman berniaga. Habis, kalau tak dapat pinjam, macam mana nak niaga, nak dapat pengalaman. Bolak baliklah ceritanya, kata dia.
Lama lama Pakcik saya maju dalam perniagaannya. Cerita pahit maungnya panjang lebar kata Pakcik saya. Tuhan saja yang tahu cerita nak lawan atau tanding dengan Cina. Dia ngaku ada dapat kontrek kemudian sub-kontrekkan kapada Cina. Cina yang taruh harga, tambah komisen dia, lepas tu dia sain saja. Apa nak buat, kata dia. Nak dapat kredit barang binaan pun, mana ada kedai logam Melayu. Betullah macam kata penyelidek Amerika fasal Kelab Cina tu. Mana ada kelab atau persatuan Melayu macam tu. Persatuan niaga Melayu ada yang nak tanding anatara ahli-ahli sendiri nak dapatkan konterk. Teruk Melayu ni kata dia. Nak suruh Melayu bertanding dengan Cina berniaga mana boleh. Semua bekalan bergantung dengan Cina. Penghabisnya ambik komisen sajalah. Gomen kena tolong Melayu lagi. Sampai masa ada Melayu niaga bekalan macam-macam barang.
Ya lah, kalau modal cuma RM10, beli pisang, minyak, tepong, gas, dapatlah berniaga RM10. Kalau dapat kredit bayar besok lusa pisang Pak Long, Opah ke siapa lain, dah dapat berniaga RM20 walu pun modal duit hanya RM10. Dapatlah lebih. Duit pusing lebih kata orang.
Tapi takkan Melayu nak jual goreng pisang saja. Kerajaan kasi tolong Melayu lah – impot ke, jadi pengageh ke beberapa jenis barang logam supaya boleh ada kedai logam Melayu. Amacam NEAC?
Sayong,
Terima kasih melawat kembali dan meninggalkan komen.
Kerana kekurangan pengtahuan berniaga dan tidak ada berpeluang menghadziri kursus memulakan perniagaan, terutamanya dizaman sebelom dan dipermulaan Dasar Ekonomi Bahru, ramai Melayu yang masuk berniaga ala membabi buta. Azam mendapat wang lebih, membeli rumah besar, kereta besar dan mengumpul harta itu sudah timbul, terutamanya bila diumumkan mulanya DEB. Ramai yang terkandas kerana kekurangan pengtahuan berniaga besar. Perkara melebihkan modal pusingan secara mendapat kredit (bayaran dibuat didalam satu tempoh kemudian) bagi bekalan barangan yang dijual atau perkhidmatan yang diguna bagi pembinaan dan sebagainya. Begitu juga tentang cara-cara mendapatkan pinjaman bank.
Maka masalah yang ditemui mereka amatlah banyak. Cina mengawal ekonomi dan perniagaan dinegara ini. Mereka mempunyai sistem persatuan suku bangsa atau persatuan perniagaan yang menolong dan memberi kerjasama hanya diantara kaum mereka sendiri sahaja saperti yang disebut pengkaji Amerika yang telah disebutkan direncana kedua pos ini. Susahlah Melayu mendapat kredit bagi barang barang perniagaan yang hampir kesemuanya dipunyai atau dikawal pergerakannya oleh kaum Cina.
Bank pula banyak yang memegang kapada perinsip tradisi, ia-itu beri pinjam hanya kapada mereka yang telah maju kerana mahu mengurangkan risiko pinjaman. Memang selalu terjadi dimana peniaga bahru dianggap sebagai kucing kurap oleh pegawai-pegawai bank, dijauhi kerana takut nanti dipohon pinjaman wang dari banknya. Dalam bahasa Inggerisnya, kata kata “You don’t trade with paupers” telah lama menjadi terkenal dan dipraktikkan di dunia.
Sebaliknya pula, bila sesaorang peniaga sudah maju dan mempunyai banyak wang, pegawai bank minat mengenali mereka kerena peluang mendapat jutawan wangnya disimpan dibanknya secara “Fixed Deposit” dan sebagainya. Bank sentiasa mahukan simpanan tetap saperti itu kerana itu menjadi sebahagian daripada modal perniagaan bank. Sudah menjadi kebiasaan urusan bank mengambil simpanan orang ramai dan meminjamkannya kapada orang lain. Mereka meniagakan wang orang ramai atau institusi-institusi kewangan, secara memberi pinjam kapada peniaga peniaga yang mereka percaya dan mendapat bunga atau untung darinya.
Masalahnya bagi orang Melayu ialah susah mendapatkan bank mempercayai mereka yang bahru sahaja berkecimpung didalam perniagaan. Walau pun kemudiannya ada banyak persatuan persatuan perniagaan Melayu, mereka juga terdiri dari ahli-ahli yang bahru sahaja berniaga dibanding dengan kaum Cina yang sudah berniaga berpuluh, malahan beratus, tahun. Mereka diMelaka sudah berniaga dengan ramai sejak pemerintahan Belanda diabad 18, mereka diSingapura sejak zaman Stamford Raffles, diPenang sejak zaman Francis Light diabad 19. Maka persatuan-persatuan perniagaan Cina dan persatuan-persatuan suku bangsa mereka, yang juga menjaga kepentingan perniagaan, timbul sejak lebih seratus tahun dahulu.
Mereka telah lama mempunyai perhubungan dengan bank dan lain-lain institusi kewangan. Malahan banyak pegawai bank (bank banyak dipenuhi pegawai Cina sejak masa dahulu) yang menjadi ahli persatuan tersebut, walau pun tidak berdaftar sebagai ahli tetapi hanya dari segi suku kaum mereka. Dengan itu syor-syor atau sokongan yang dibuat oleh persatuan mereka, secara bertulis atau secara lisan, laku di beberapa bank. Ahli-ahli persatuan Cina itu lebih senang mendapat pinjaman dari ahli-ahli persatuan perniagaan Melayu. Maka lebih senanglah kaum Cina maju dalam perniagaan bila dibanding dengan kaum Melayu.
Oleh itu, dari segi ini juga, amat perlulah Model Ekonomi Bahru meneruskan konsep membantu Melayu dalam perniagaan saperti yang ada diDasar Ekonomi Bahru pemerintahan-pemerintahan yang telah lalu.
Adnan,
Terima kasih mengunjung dan meningalkan komen.
Memang banyak kes Melayu mahu berniaga tetapi kekurangan pengtahuan dan rugi apabila sahaja memulakannya. Lihat teksi-teksi yang diatas nama syarikat sendirian berhad. Nama nama yang menggunakan perkataan “Teksi” membayangkan bahawa tujuan perniagaan itu hanya menjalankan teksi. Perniagaan itu tidak memerlukan syarikat sendirian berhad, yang biasanya adalah untuk perniagaan yang bermacam macam jenis dan risikonya tinggi. Sendirian berhad bermaana jika syarikat itu terkandas dan banyak hutang piutang, tanggungjawabnya terhad kapada kewangan dan harta syarikat itu sahaja.
Pada hal, syarikat berdafrar (registered business) sudah mencukupi bagi menjalankan perniagaan yang tidak berbagai jenis dan tidak berisko tinggi. Risko perniagaan teksi adalah hanya dari segi tukar tayar, membaikki enjin dan sebagainya, yang biasanya dibayar tunai, tidak boleh hutang atau kredit.
Yang penting adalah kos penubuhan syarikat sendirian berhad beribu Ringgit. Masakan kos syarikat berdaftar hanya beratus Ringgit. Maka nyatalah Melayu individu yang menjalankan perniagaan teksi dengan menggunakan syarikat sendirian berhad sudah rugi ribuan Ringgit sebelom mula menjalankan perniagaan. Inilah nasibnya bangsa yang tidak ada banyak didalam perniagaan, dengan itu tidak banyak berbual berkenaan perniagaan, tidak ada persatuan-persatuan suku bangsa (clan associations saperti bangsa Cina) yang boleh memberi nasihat, galakan dan bantuan bagi ahli-ahlinya menjalankan perniagaan.
Maka perkara saperti sub-kontrek atau sistem Ali Baba yang disebutkan itu perlu diambil tindakan tegas didalam Model Ekonomi Bahru (MEB). Untuk kesejahteraan rakyat dalam jangka masa panjang dan untuk keseimbangan kekayaan diantara Bumiputera dan Cina, Kerajaan mesti mengadakan pelan bagi menimbulkan kebolehan kaum Bumiputera berniaga sehingga boleh bersaing atau bertanding dipadang yang sama rata. Mesti dirancangkan supaya, contohnya, kontrekter-kontrekter Bumiputera diberi bantuan mempunyai jentera pembinaan saperti bulldozer, excavator, generator, crane dan berbagai lagi jentera yang besar dan mahal. Perlu diadakan rancangan supaya syarikat-syarikat Melayu boleh mendapat bekalan barang-barang binaan yang penting dari syarikat Bumiputera atau separa Kerajaan saperti Pernas, dengan harga yang setanding (competitive) dan dengan kemudahan kredit saperti bayaran salepas sebulan. Barang-barang mustahak saperti simen, besi keluli, berbagai jenis kayu dan sebagainya.
Maka perlu juga MEB mengadakan rancangan membimbing secara aktif dan positif kontrekter-kontrekter Bumiputera dalam bidang binaan atau bekalan sehingga ada kontrekter-kontrekter kecil dikelas F naik, peringkat demi peringkat, mengikut pengalaman dan kebolehan, hingga keKelas A atau lebih lagi. Kontrekter Kelas A yang sudah banyak makan asam garam saperti ini yang perlu diberi kontrek atau projek besar-besaran, bukan kroni-kroni atau ahli-ahli keluarga pemimpin parti dan Kerajaan, yang berupa kontrekter besar payong terjun. Perlu diambil perhatian bahawa jumlah Bumiputera dibidang pembinaan, terutamanya dikelas F hingga D adalah amat besar.
Jika rancangan saperti ini dimasukkan dengan terang dan nyata didalam MEB, maka Suruhanjaya Peluang Samarata itu mungkin kurang menjadi masalah kapada kaum Bumiputera, walau pun namanya nyata bercanggah dengan bantuan khas yang perlu diberi kapada kaum Bumiputera. Walau bagaimana pun, Bumiputera perlu dibantu sekurang kurangnya saperti diDEB, sebab Artikel 153 memberi mereka Kedudukan Khas sebagai balasan kapada pemberian kerakyatan kapada bukan Bumiputera. Lebih penting lagi ialah sebab jurang kemajuan ekonomi dan pendidikan diantara Bumiputera dan bukan Bumiputera itu begitu besar dan mesti dirapatkan demi kepentingan harmoni, kedamaian dan kemajuan negara.
“The composition of the members in the EOC … The motives (personal and professional) of the members in the EOC will inexplicably steer the ultimate aim of the EOC. It is documented in the NEM that the EOC will cover and discriminatory and unfair practices.”
Why take the risk of setting up the EOC? Political intersest and personal interest will certainly go into the deliberations and the decisions of the EOC. How equal can you get? In the end it will just be a political gimmick and many will sakit hati.
Why not just carry on helping the 40% low income people? No need to call it EOC whatever. You try and win the hearts of equality-seeking people, you will lose the hearts of those who say it cannot be equal when there is Article 153 on the Malay Special Position. The others have got their share of equality by becoming citizens. The deal was they get citizenship, the Malays get Special Position. That must be respected and the Government must have that Special Position reflected in the NEM.
Yes, very important question: “Will the EOC take into account the quota requirements enshrined in the Constitution, or will it look into the unfair practices of some economic elements that are plaguing the economy and stifling the other would be players?”
Warta,
Welcome back to this site and thank you for your comment.
The creation of the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) will introduce the human element that brings in risks of discriminatory and unfair practices, the very aspects of human misdeeds that the EOC wants to cover. Keeping quiet and staying put is of course not the alternative but the advantages of its creation must be weighed against the disadvantages. Even from the angle of equality and the need to bridge the huge gap economically and professionally between the Bumiputeras and the Chinese, it is very difficult to see how the EOC can bring fairness. Equal opportunities may result in the gap remaining endlessly or even further tipping down the scale in favour of the Chinese.
Yet again, the EOC appears to undermine the Special Position of the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak, a position that is protected under Article 153 of the Constitution. That Article was placed there not for the hang of it; it was in exchange for the citizenship right of the non-Malays that Malay leaders have agreed to at Merdeka. The EOC may cause a lot of grumblings and dissatisfaction among that sector which forms 70% of the population.
The protection and promotion of the quota system for the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawk as stated in the Constitution is mandatory. It is the expressed legal obligation of the YDP Agong to do so and is acted upon by the Government in power that the Agong consents to its formation after every general elections. There is no two-ways about it. If the New Economic Model (NEM) does not expressly state these, it is not reflecting the legal obligation of the Government, of each and evey Cabinet Minister whose appointment the Agong consents to at the formation of Cabinet or at Cabinet changes.
It is therefore expected that the final NEM document incorporate all those policy plans that clearly protect and promote the quota system. Nothing less than that. The Malays and the other Bumiputeras considers the quota system as sacred. Enough has been said of their being left behind as a result of British colonial policy, of the time taken for them to catch up with the Chinese, of even the experienced Chinese businessmen being unable to estimate that time accurately because nobody had done it in the past, and of the Malays/ Bumiputeras having a culture of barter trading for thousands of years but not a culture of profit taking or business like the Chinese have.
Failure to protect and promote that would incur the wrath of the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak. Expression of such wrath may be seen during the coming and subsequent general elections. Remember, the NEM may have a life of 10 years or more, as stated by the Prime Minister. Remember also that, despite the predictions of experts and “grass roots’ assessments”, shocking election results occurred in 1969 (leading to the disastrous 13 May 1969 racial riots) and in 2008 (resulting in the loss of Barisan Nasional’s 2/3 Parliamentary majority for the second time in history). The majority of voters want the quota system be protected and promoted. This matter must be clearly spelt out at the outset – when the NEM is finalised in June 2010.
The govenment want developed status by 2020. I like that. But if by 2020 the Malays still far behind the Chinese in wealth and the professions, I don’t like that.
Today I read one Professor say Malays in kampongs like in Hulu Selangor would be less and less, gone to towns. But the Malays would still be poor, living just out side big towns. Govenment wants to help them is good.
One Professor also says about bring industries to rural areas. I think NEM should include this. More university colleges, banks and so on, like he says.
Kampong boy,
Thank you for visiting and commenting again.
Getting a developed status by 2020 is a laudable objective. But it must not be without due regard for a commensurate development of the community that has been lagging far behind and for so long – the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak. Economic plans must include concrete measures for the upliftment of their economic and educational status. They must at least get the 30% in corporate equity under the New Economic Policy as well as progress in other aspects of the economy. They must also be given the means to achieve proportionate representation in all the professions. They are the majority in the country and the New Economic Model must clearly show that more attention is being given to them.
The Chinese already control the economy. The Government must allocate a bigger slice of the enlarged economic pie like was done under the NEP. As the NEM speaks about zero tolerance on corruption, we can hope to see a wider spread of the NEP-like benefits and this should widen Bumiputera participation in business. There is no valid reason for the Chinese to fear or grudge about it for it has never been a matter of taking from the rich and giving to the poor.
The Government must not succumb to opposition propaganda about the so-called brain drain and flight of capital. There has not been up-to-date figures on them, anyway. It is not possible to determine the actual effect of manpower and capital migration. Economists are often divided on what specific measures boost or retard economic growth. There are a host of factors at play. Including political stability. Not giving due attention on the plight of the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak may cause a lot of discontent in years to come and, since they constitute 70% of the population, that may affect political stability. Imagine, 53 years after independence and you hardly see Malay/ Bumiputera shops and businesses in all the shopping malls in big towns and the rows of shop houses in the small towns all over the country.
The Government has made attempts at bringing University colleges to rural and less developed areas. For example, Jengka and Pahang Tengara now have them. Population cenres in those areas have seen the setting up of banks and fairly active commercial activities. However, the old problem of unsatisfactory Bumiputera participation even in such areas is the same as in the more developed areas of the country. Really, the Government has to include in the NEM plans to ensure the growth of Bumiputera businesses in rural areas growth centres as well as in the shopping malls and the rows and rows of shop houses elsewhere.
Why rush to a developed status when what is needed is a steady social engineering programme to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth to reduce grudges and ill feelings emanating from the economic dominance of one sector of the population over the others?
There must be ways of attracting foreign investments without encroaching upon the rights and privileges of the Bumiputeras under the New Economic Policy started in 1970. Opposition parties made propaganda about capital running out elsewhere and on the so-called brain drain. Can we have hard, up-to-date figures on these? And a proper determination of the reasons for capital and manpower moving out elsewhere.
It seems to me business people go elsewhere because of cheaper labour in say, Vietnam, also because of wanting to spread their eggs in different baskets. Those so-called “brainy” fellows migrate for a number of reasons, including non-acceptance of the Constitutional provision on the Malay Special Position. If they cannot accept what their forefathers have agreed at independence (and it was in consideration of their getting citizenship), to me, it is good riddance.
Ismail,
Good of you to visit us and leaving a comment.
The Government engaged foreign consultants to prepare the New Economic Model. We are not privy to the Terms of Refernce. Neither do we know whether they were given guidelines and policy objectives of the Government. What baffles us is why, when Tun Dr Mahathir asked for up-to-date figures that must have been used in preparing for the NEM, they are not made available until now. This makes the whole exercise by the foreign consultants suspect. And the credibility of the draft NEM questionable. For, how can the NEM be drawn up without up-to-date figures?
Foreign consultants would not have been as sensitive as local ones on such things as the restructuring of Mlaysian society, the hallmark of the New Economic Policy that the NEM is supposed to take over. When the latest figures are not available on wealth distibution in various aspects of the economy, in the various professions, one wonders whether the thrust of the NEM that they recommend is valid. How can they recommend Equal Opportunities Commission when so many things are far from equal at the present time. EOM implies open competition. The old adage comes into play: it is not fair to recommend or allow competition on a non-level playing field.
Economists, like lawyers, politicians and others are not always agreed on issues such that often many things are a matter of opinion. In the last analysis, it’s a matter of whether the politicians want votes, and they always do. The myth of the brain drain and the flight of capital has been blown out of proportions. However much of manpower and capital exit, there is still economic activity, and the population structure will adjust. The nature of the global financial market is such that capital flows in and out periodically. George Soros and the big-time speculators come in for a kill, then go out when they have made their pile. Robert Kuok will build hotels from place to place internationally. Labour-intensive manufacturing concerns will go to Vietnam for the cheaper labour as Malaysian labour has become more expensive with economic progress and the increase in cost of living.
But, after the disastrous 2008 General Elections, politicians so desperate for votes may want to show sensitivity to such propaganda and have economic plans accomodate them. Let us hope that in the final NEM they accomodate well the sensitivities of the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak who form 70% of the population and surely hold a high percentage of the votes. Improving the lot of the low-income population is not enough. The 70% needs the same opportunities as in the NEP to catch up with the 23% Chinese population who now control the economy and have, for example, 70% certified accountants when it should be the other way round.
I agree: “developing a quality workforce … by reviewing the education system. Apart from shifting educational approach from ‘rote learning’ to ‘creative and critical thinking’, the education system itself must be streamlined into one national school system …. integrated closely with one another … everyone comes from the same education system, won’t feel alienated from each other.” Only then can have 1Malaysia. Otherwise will continue having 3Malaysia.
The NEM must emphasise inclusivity. Good to help the 40% low income not counting race. But must aim at better representaton at the shopping malls and the rows of shophouses as some one said earlier. Foreign visitors must not feel this is another China or Hong Kong. NEM must try to get Malays, Indians and others also own and operate businesses and shops all over the places. Include this in the planning to get inclusivity in the business life of the country. I don’t know how to do it but the planners are paid to do it.
Zen,
Thank you for visiting again and leaving a comment.
Under “the same education system, (children) won’t feel alienated from each other” because all schools will be the same and all schools, including the vernacular ones, will eventually be attended by children of all races. Those children would have natural access to and the freedom to mix with others not of their own ethnicity. When effecting the changes, the Government would, of course, need to sort out the matter of ownership of properties, teaching and support staff, as well as the Board of Governors of such schools. As Mandarin and Tamil can still be taught and learnt in such schools, nobody has to lose anything under a one i.e national school system.
When children attend the same type of school since the very beginning, there will be no shock and extreme difficulties experienced by the switch from the vernacular to the national language as the medium of instruction that has occurred under the system of vernacular-then-national school attendance being allowed now. That shock and extreme difficulties have greatly contributed to the 25% drop out rate in Chinese schools as announced by the Deputy Minister of Education in 2008. The less the drop out, the higher quality work force we would have in the country.
Inclusivity, indeed, as stated in the New Economic Model now being aired for public feedback. The question is what constitutes inclusivity and to what extent must inclusivity get. Helping the 40% low income citizens is good. It may mean that among the Chinese, many of whom are rich, the rich would get richer and the poor get comfortable and all the Chinese would be enjoying life in this country. But let us not begrudge the poor among the Chinese. Only ask that the NEM ensure all the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak also enjoy life in this country of theirs as well. In the kampongs, and in the interior parts of Sabah and Sarawak, too.
The Equal Opportunities Commission, if implemented, would mean the rich will get richer under the principle of equal opportunities. There has been a lot of opposition to the EOC in relation to Article 153 on the Special Position of the Malays and the Bumiputeras of Sabah and Sarawak who are still far behind economically and educationally. Perkasa and the 76 Malay NGOs have been the leading voices. What inclusivity means in this case is much doubted. The final NEM document needs to ensure that what the Malays and the Bumiputers have been getting under the NEP continue in the NEM. If not, the NEM would appear as having ignored the Special Position of the Malays and not being interested to bridge the huge gap in the economic and educational position of the Bumiputeras compared to the Chinese. Of course, the economic and educational position of the Indians and others need to be improved as well.
Please don’t forget the Indians, the Pakistanis and the other citizens of Malaysia. The NEM should also include them. I don’t know where they are covered. I know the 40% low income includes a lot of them. The British didn’t care about the Indians, too. They were good only for rubber estates and as railway workers, they said. Many were in the estates where the Brits built only Indian schools and only at primary level.
Sher,
It’s been a long time since we last heard from you. Thank you for dropping in again and leaving a comment.
Indeed, we must not forget the Indians, the Pakistanis and other citizens. They have contributed to the development of this country, too. The Indians in the estates and the railway industry. The Government has provided them with amenities and made laws making estate employers provide decent homes, schools and recreational facilities in the estates as well. However, like for the Malays, more needs to be done for them, too.
Many Indians in the estates choose vernacular education. Despite the fact that one school was reported some time ago as having just one teacher and one pupil. And another in dilapidated condition. Being mostly among themselves in the estates the children tend to develop myopic views of life. They experience a culture shock when exposed with other races after moving to live in the towns, like Malay children from wholly Malay kampongs do. Except perhaps the fact that the kampong Malay children attend sekolah kebangsaan where there is some exposure to non-Malays.
Let us therefore encourage and persuade the rural childen to attend national schools. Transport may be difficult as national schools are always some distance away from estates. But estate workers do get assured monthly salaries compared to Malay villagers many of whom literally live from hand to mouth and can still send their children to schools some ten miles away.
More important than persuading the parents of those living in the estates is persuading the Government to change the education system to one with only Bahasa Malaysia as the medium of instruction. When that happens all schools would become national schools and it would no longer matter whether the schools are in the estates or far away kampongs. Malay and Chinese children can attend schools in nearby estates and Indian children in the estates can attend schools in the nearby kampongs. That way there will be better chances of children mixing with others of different ethnicity, develop common values, hopes and aspirations. Only then can we hope for better understanding, harmonious relations and unity in the country.
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